Last Updated: August 22 2026
Do Small Claims Court judges in Ontario have to explain the basis for their decisions?
Bulat Paralegal Service can help you understand Ontario Small Claims Court reasons: in Ontario, a judge must explain what was decided and why, even though reasons can be brief because the process is informal and designed for efficient access to justice The court’s reasons must be clear enough to permit meaningful appellate review if challenged If you need help reviewing a Small Claims decision or considering next steps, call (705) 664-0334 to speak with a paralegal at Bulat Paralegal Service.
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Are Small Claims Court Judges Required to Explain the Reasoning Behind a Decision?
Court Decisions, Even Small Claims Court Decisions, Must be Explained With the Reasoning For the Decision Provided By the Judge.
Note: Please contact Bulat Paralegal Service by phone at: (705) 664-0334 to discuss any specific questions that you may have.
Understanding the Requirement of Reasons Within Judicial Decisions Including Small Claims Court Cases
A judge of any court, even the Small Claims court, is required to provide an explanation that explains what decision is made and why the decision is made. Reasons for a judicial decision work to ensure that the litigative parties can appreciate the legal basis upon which the decision was made. Reasons also enable an Appeal court to review the decision, if necessary.
The Law
Court judges, including judges within the Small Claims Court, are required to provide an explanation of the reasoning for which a decision is based. This requirement was explained within Elnasr v. Mostafa, 2022 ONSC 1735, wherein it was stated:
[28] In assessing the sufficiency of the Deputy Judge’s Reasons, I acknowledge the tremendous volume of matters in the Small Claims Court as well as the informal nature of the Small Claims Court. As stated in Maple Ridge Community Management Ltd. v. Peel Condominium Corp. No. 231, 2015 ONCA 520, 389 DLR (4th) 711, at paras. 34 and 35:
[34] The Small Claims Court is mandated under s. 25 of the Courts of Justice Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. C.43, to “hear and determine in a summary way all questions of law and fact and may make such order as is considered just and agreeable to good conscience.” The Small Claims Court plays a vital role in the administration of justice in the province by ensuring meaningful and cost effective access to justice for cases involving relatively modest claims for damages. In order to meet its mandate, the Small Claims Court’s process and procedures are designed to ensure that it can handle a large volume of cases in an efficient and economical manner.
[35] Reasons from the Small Claims Court must be sufficiently clear to permit judicial review on appeal. They must explain to the litigants what has been decided and why: Doerr v. Sterling Paralegal, 2014 ONSC 2335, at paras. 17-19. However, appellate consideration of Small Claims Court reasons must recognize the informal nature of that court, as well as the volume of cases it handles and its statutory mandate to deal with these cases efficiently. In short, in assessing the adequacy of the reasons, context matters: Massoudinia v. Volfson, 2013 ONCA 29, at para. 9. Just as oral reasons will not necessarily be as detailed as written reasons, reasons from the Small Claims Court will not always be as thorough as those in Superior Court decisions. Failing to take the Small Claims Court context into account only serves to restrict access to justice by unnecessarily imparting formality and delay into a legal process that is designed to be informal and efficient.
[29] Or, in other words, to permit meaningful appellate review, the reasons must adequately express “what” was decided and “why” it was decided, see: Maple Ridge, at para. 24; Law Society of Upper Canada v. Neinstein, 2010 ONCA 193, at para. 61.
[30] If the reasons are not sufficiently detailed to understand “the what” and “the why” for the decision under review, then this is an error in law and the standard of review is correctness, see Maple Ridge, at para 22; Barbieri v. Mastronardi, 2014 ONCA 416, at para. 22.
Conclusion
A judge for a case in the Small Claims Court is required to provide reasons for a decision. While the reasons may be expressed with less detail than a case in the higher court, the reasons must be sufficient for a review by an Appeal court if such situation were to occur.
NOTE: A significant quantity of online searches featuring “lawyers nearby” or “top lawyer in” frequently indicates a demand for prompt and proficient legal assistance rather than a particular title. In Ontario, paralegals who hold licences are governed by the same Law Society that supervises lawyers and are permitted to advocate for clients in specific litigation issues. Advocacy, legal reasoning, and procedural expertise are fundamental to that function. Bulat Paralegal Service provides legal advocacy within its licensed parameters, focusing on strategic positioning, evidence preparation, and compelling representation aimed at securing efficient and advantageous outcomes for clients.
